Tag Archives: RBPi

Fun projects for the Raspberry Pi Model A+ – Part 1

Fun Projects for the Raspberry Pi Model A+ – Part 1

The latest release of the Raspberry Pi, the RBPi Model A+ is not only smaller, it is cheaper as well. That makes it an ideal device for taking a plunge into coding and for trying out new projects. Here are some fun projects that you may find interesting.

A Garden with Digits

With a Pibrella add-on board, your RBPi can run several small motors to create a digital garden. Define the garden to your exact specifications with ornate flowers that you could make out of card or cloth. Add artificial bees and make then spin when you press a button. You could also arrange a relaxing setup of plants and have some soothing music going on at the same time. For details, look here.

Juggle With Illuminated Pins

This is for those who like to juggle things. While juggling, let your RBPi help you out with the routing using some extra LED lights. You will need a Pibrella board and some custom Python code to make the project work independently. Although this may be a niche case, the project is worth undertaking. Lauren Egts has a blog post.

Console for Retro Games

Arcade cabinets of yesteryears still draw a lot of interest. Both young and old enjoy retro games and your RBPi can work as the basis for such a console. With RetroPie, you can simply load emulator software. All you need is an SD card and some USB peripherals. This simple but fun project can be completed within one hour. Life hacker has a guide.

Control Your Pottery Kiln via Wi-Fi

Those using kilns for firing up potteries will find this project useful. RBPi provides remote capabilities for automatic temperature control using a thermocouple and a stepper motor. Temperature stability is maintained with a system of closed-loop feedback. Visit the RBPi blog for code and photos.

Watch Birds with Infrared

Although this is a project for birdwatchers, others can adapt it for their own requirements. An RBPi makes it possible to watch what birds are doing inside the bird box. This way, you are in complete control of watching birds on the outside as well as on the inside of the bird box. The RBPi even makes it possible to set up a live internet stream if your bird box is in a remote location. You will need the RBPi NoIR camera board and some infrared LEDs. The RBPi site has more details.

RBPi Weather Station

You do not need to rely on forecasts from the radio or television any more. Make your own weather station with the RBPi. This project is very cheap and requires very little energy. Of course, some extra hardware is necessary, but nothing too complicated. For details on the setup, visit DragonTail.

Transmit Morse code

Although this is ancient technology, people dabbling in Amateur Radio still find Morse code very useful. Building an RBPi powered Morse code station will be a very exciting project. With this, you can have device for encoding and decoding Morse code. If you add a vintage Morse key, the authenticity of the project will increase dramatically. For complete details, head over to the RBPi website.

Raspberry Pi gets a stepper-motor hat

Robotics enthusiasts find the credit card sized single board computer, Raspberry Pi or RBPi – a versatile unit for controlling various functions. With several add-ons or HATs readily available in the market, the RBPi can be a formidable force to reckon with. With its latest Motor HAT from Adafruit, your RBPi can control up to four DC motors or two stepper motors using PWM to achieve full speed control.

Although the RBPi has several GPIO pins, not many of them work as PWM. That means, to control motor direction and speed, you require a fully dedicated PWM driver chip onboard. Such chips will handle all the motor and speed controls, while communicating with the RBPi on only two pins – SDA & SCL. These pins follow the I2C standard protocol for communication. Therefore, you can connect this Motor HAT to any other device working with the I2C protocol.

In case you need to control a larger number of motors, as it is often required in robotics, you can easily stack up several of these Motor HAT boards. A total number of 32 boards are allowed by the I2C standard. Therefore, you will be able to control simultaneously 64 stepper motors or 128 DC motors, or a mix of both. To do this, you will have to replace the header on the Motor HAT with a stacking header.

Typically, stepper motor drivers rely on L293D chips. However, the Adafruit Motor HAT uses TB6612 MOSFET drivers. These drivers have the flyback diodes built-in and provide a huge improvement over the L293D – you get 1.2A per channel with 3A as peak current capability. The Motor HAT board comes with a small prototyping area and a polarity protection FET on the power pins. Adafruit offers the Motor HAT fully assembled and tested. All that a user has to do is to solder on the included terminal blocks and the 2×20 plain headers. However, stacking headers are not included.

Looking at the specs of the Motor HAT, you will find four H-bridges with thermal shutdown protection and internal kickback protection diodes. The bridges are capable of driving motors operating from 4.5VDC to 13.5VDC. Each board is capable of driving up to four bi-directional DC motors with individual speed selection using 8-bits or 0.5% resolution. Alternately, you can drive up to two stepper motors – unipolar or bipolar. These could be of single coil or double coil type and the driving could be interleaved or micro stepping.

Motors require a good amount of current for producing the required torque. The huge terminal block connectors allow use or 18-26AWG wires for drive and power. External power can come from a 5-12VDC power supply; the two-pin terminal block connector on the board is polarity protected.

Adafruit Motor HAT board is best suited for RBPi models B+ and A+. For using with models A and B, you have to use an extra-tall 2×13 header in place of the 2×20 header supplied. Adafruit supplies the easy-to-use Python library that makes driving motors a breeze with the RBPi wearing the HAT.

Telegram, Raspberry Pi and Remote Control

People from an older generation may still recall the days the postman would land on the doorstep and deliver a slip of paper with some message in it. Those were the days of Telegrams associated with Morse Code, the dots and dashes way of communicating with far-off places. Mobiles and instant messaging services have now replaced that and other such slow modes of communication. As a result, you can always remain in instant contact with people across the globe.

Similar to the WhatsApp messenger service, Telegram is another application that allows you to chat and share documents with your contacts. Telegram surfaced when WhatsApp crashed about a year back. Being a cross-platform messenger app from Berlin, it gained above five million users within 24 hours and more, since Facebook purchased WhatsApp.

Although at first introduction Telegram and WhatsApp seem identical, there are interesting differences. Both require the telephone number of the recipient for sending them a message. In addition, chatting to individual contacts or to groups is possible. Both have a single and double track system for knowing if the recipient has received your message and has read it.

However, unlike WhatsApp, Telegram allows you to send your messages, videos and photos with a self-destruct timer. Once the set time ends, all your shared documents disappear within a ‘secret chat’. This has a huge advantage. Under secret chat, all documents, locations, videos and images remain encrypted end-to-end and only the sender and the recipient can read them; nobody else can read them, not even the staff at Telegram. The timer can be programmed to activate either after two seconds or up to a week.

Using Telegram on the RBPi is fun and you can use the versatile instant messaging service on the same phone number with different devices simultaneously. Apart from simply using the messaging service to exchange messages, it is also possible to make the RBPi take specific actions automatically, based on the message received by it. For example, if the text message sent is say, “photo”, the RBPi responds by taking a snap of the surroundings with its camera and sends the image to the sender. Similarly, if the message says “lamp”, RBPi can turn on a lamp or open a garage door if the message says “open”.

For using Telegram for remote control, it is best to use the RBPi model B or B+ and have the latest version of the Raspbian as the operating system. However, you can also use the pre-installed Raspbian on the 8GB Class 10 Micro SD card available here. Follow the configuration given in this tutorial as a starting point.

RBPi will be intercepting new incoming messages with Lua, a lightweight, fast, powerful and embeddable scripting language application. Lua uses extensible semantics and associative arrays by combining the simple procedural syntax to powerful data description constructs. That means Lua has the capability to understand text and interpret the action to be taken. In fact, Lua uses a lookup file “action.lua”, much as we use a dictionary, to correlate specific text messages received and the actions that RBPi will take. For details of programming, refer to this blog.

Two Delightful Robots Using the Raspberry Pi

Two kits are presented here for those trying to build a robot for the first time. The first is the GoPiGo, a complete robot kit from Dexter Industries and the second is TiddlyBot, a simple fun robot with lots of features. Both kits are great for introducing anyone to the exciting world of robotics and doing it in a fun and simple way. Building robots is a great way for learning Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM), including basic robotics and programming.

GoPiGo

Apart from the robot itself, the GoPiGo kit comprises a full Linux computer, the Raspberry Pi or RBPi, USB and camera expansion for less than $100. You can turn GoPiGo into a full-fledged Wi-Fi robot for exploring unreachable corners of a closet. The inclusion of RBPi makes the possibilities endless. You can even control the robot with your mobile or phone over local Wi-Fi network.

GoPiGo has an acrylic robot body and associated hardware or mounting the RBPi and the Pi camera. It has a control board for motors, controls and extra hardware other than the encoders, wheels and motors.

You need only a screwdriver to assemble the kit. The kit comes with its power source in the form of an 8XAA battery pack along with its connector. You can use your desktop to program GoPiGo directly downloading the program wirelessly or via a USB stick.

The use of the Pi camera along with the RBPi increases the potential of GoPiGo many times over. There is a servo camera mount with the kit and it allows the camera to turn a full half-circle. This increases the robot’s potential for dynamic exploration – for details visit here.

TiddlyBot

If you are looking for something a little less complicated, TiddlyBot is sure to help. Under RBPi control, TiddlyBot begins with robot like movements, using a multi-colored light and progressing to line drawing and following. This is great for teaching children how to program robots as well as for simply playing games.

You can program TiddlyBot using any smartphone, tablet or PC with the provided Blocky Interface, out of the box. It has a web interface for remote control. Use TiddlyBot as a squiggly bot and draw programmatically or let it run freestyle. Use several pens with different colors to make modern art. Makers of TiddlyBot run many workshops for enabling young people pick up nuances of robot building and programming.

What can you do with these two simple but exciting robots? For starters, here are some suggestions:

• Use Wi-Fi To remotely explore a house or office
• Deliver drinks remotely
• Make sneak attacks on unsuspecting people
• Use it for herding pets and babies
• Use it for remote monitoring an event
The greatest benefit of both the robot kits is the inclusion of the Pi camera, which gives the robots their vision. You can monitor where they are going and manoeuver them remotely. This opens up possibilities of several awesome projects. You can make your robots follow hand motions, navigate and map rooms, track objects, follow faces, check on pets remotely, find lost stuff under the couch and so much more – the possibilities are endless.

Balance your robot with a Raspberry Pi

You may have seen the amazing two-wheel scooter, the Segway Human Transport system. It has only two wheels, a platform for a person to stand and a handle to guide the vehicle. The scooter operates on batteries located under the platform and between the wheels. Dean Kamen is the inventor of this amazing transporter, which can carry a person around while balancing on its two wheels without toppling over.

After watching the amazing Segway scooter, Mark Williams tried his hand at balancing a two-wheeled robot using the tiny credit card single board computer, the Raspberry Pi or RBPi. You can watch his success in the video clip here – it is almost like watching a human baby learn to take its first tottering steps.

Mark’s PiBBOT, or Pi Balancing roBOT, carries its own power source and the electronics, but unlike the Segway, does not have room for a passenger. The TFT displays the angles from the accelerometer, the gyro, the complimentary filter and the power drawn by the motors. There are two buttons on the top – one for turning on/off the motors and the other for resetting the gyro.

The PiBBOT uses the concept of an inverted pendulum to work. This is similar to how children balance a vertical stick on a finger on their outstretched hand – they move in the direction the stick is about to fall, thus attempting to keep its center of gravity below it. The balancing robot keeps itself vertical by using a control algorithm called PID or Proportional Integral Derivative. It does this by trying to keep the wheels under its center of gravity. Therefore, if the robot leans forward, the wheels carry the robot forward, trying to correct the lean. As the bottom of the robot moves forward, inertia keeps its top in the same place, thus righting it.

PiBBOT has an accelerator and a gyroscope to measure the angle of its lean. One axis of the accelerometer measures the current angle, while one axis of the gyroscope measures the rate of rotation. A well-timed software loop running in the RBPi keeps track of both. The RBPi makes calculations based on the measurements to provide power to the motors via the PWM. The RBPi must move the motors in the right direction to keep the robot upright.

Accurate angle measurements need readings from both the accelerometer and the gyro, which are then combined. Individual readings do not provide the necessary accuracy. The gyro measures the rate of rotation and requires to be tracked over time for calculating the current angle. The tracking usually includes noise, which causes the gyro to drift. However, gyros are useful for measuring quick changes in movement.

Unlike a gyro, accelerometers do not need tracking and they can sense both static positions as well as sudden movements – with gravity defining the static position of the robot. However, accelerometers are notorious for their noise levels. Both gyro and accelerometers perform well over certain sensitivity levels.

Mark is using a measurement range of 250dps with a sensitivity of 0.0875 dps/LSB for his gyro. For his accelerometer, he is using 8g full-scale, corresponding to 4mg/LSB and a full scale of 10. Read the full details here.

Rapiro the Customizable Robot with Raspberry Pi

If you have a kid aged 15 or above with a Raspberry Pi and he is clueless about his next project, Rapiro, the customizable robot may be very suitable for him. Designed for the tiny credit card sized single board computer, the Raspberry Pi or RBPi, Rapiro is a humanoid robot kit. It is an affordable kit and is very easy to assemble, needing only two screwdrivers. With an Arduino compatible controller board, the kit comes with 12 servomotors and limitless possibilities.

Even if you are not a programmer, Rapiro is easy to assemble and set up. The assembly instructions are simple and given in a step-by-step method, so anyone can follow them. Rapiro’s controller board is pre-programmed, so that Rapiro will come alive as soon as you have finished assembling it. However, if you are a programmer, you could make Rapiro sweep your desk or have him dance to a tune. For this, you will need to use the Arduino IDE to reprogram Rapiro.

Rapiro is highly customizable. Limited only by your imagination and the sensors you have at hand, simply install the RBPi board and go on expanding the capabilities of Rapiro. For example, you can add image recognition, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and anything else you can think of to make Rapiro livelier.

Rapiro has 12 servomotors to make it move. There is one servomotor in its neck, one in its waist, two each in its feet and three each in its two arms. There are six servos in its neck, waist and feet have a torque of 2.5kgf-cm each. The servos in its two arms have a torque of 1.5kgf-cm each. The operating speed for all the servos is 0.12sec/60° and the maximum angle they can move through is 180°.

You can program it’s eyes to give its face a full and colorful expression. Its eyes are made of bright LEDs, which can be programmed for different colors as they are of the RGB type. Plastic parts of Rapiro suit both models of RBPi – A and B. With small modifications, Rapiro can accommodate RBPi model B+ as well.

Rapiro’s controller board is very similar to an Arduino board and you can program it using the Arduino IDE. Anyone familiar with C++ development environment can use the Arduino IDE to program the 8-bit AVR based micro-controller on board Rapiro. However, that does not mean only those with programming skills can work with Rapiro – beginners can also learn how to program.

Once you have installed RBPi inside Rapiro, you can make it do more functions. With RBPi, you can use your favorite programming language on Linux to program Rapiro. For example, you could program Rapiro to watch over your home while you are away and to keep in touch by sending you text messages over Wi-Fi. You could have Rapiro acting as a security robot for your house if you give it vision by installing a camera module.

Rapiro requires five AA Ni-MH batteries to function. You can replace this with an AC adapter also. For transferring data, you will also require a USB cable to connect Rapiro to your PC.

Expansion Board for Wi-Fi Connectivity for Raspberry Pi

The tiny credit card sized single board computer, the mighty Raspberry Pi or RBPi is mostly self-contained. However, the small footprint of the SBC has not allowed many important functions to be integrated within it. For example, the RBPi lacks an in-built Wi-Fi. This has led to several developments of Wi-Fi add-on kits, with the xPico Wi-Fi Plate from Lantronix leading the pack.

This pluggable, simple and easy-to-use expansion board from Lantronix provides a feature-rich and robust Wi-Fi solution that few can match. It enables the RBPi to attain several mobile-ready capabilities very easily and quickly. Not only does the xPico completely offload all Wi-Fi connectivity from the RBPi, it also provides many advanced capabilities such as Soft Access Point or Soft AP and Client Mode, along with QuickConnect and Wi-Fi connection management.

Combining xPico with RBPi allows developers to concentrate on the main application for RBPi. This is possible because xPico takes care of all the concerns about wireless connectivity management and wireless stacks while providing hassle-free Wi-Fi connectivity. Users get a robust and true 802.11 b/g/n solution, which provides a painlessly enabled Wi-Fi access either as a client or as a Soft AP. In fact, xPico offers a whole gamut of features along with industrial-ready quality and ease-of-use. Therefore, whether you are a hobbyist, a student or an engineer, you can readily enable your RBPi platform to achieve mobility by offloading the TCP/IP stacks and networking applications such as a web-server to the xPico Wi-Fi.

The xPico expansion board is an embedded wireless device server and has several useful functions. For example, it can provide a universal wireless technology to your tablets and smartphones. Your product designs can be faster now with the simplification of Wi-Fi implementation and integration. It provides unmatched flexibility as the footprint is compact and power consumption is very low. The proven feature-set includes simultaneous Soft AP and client mode, configuration by customization and zero host load. The user improves his competitive position by saving on cost and time-to-market. In short, xPico is designed with the necessary functionality to differentiate your Wi-Fi enabled products by providing flexible, mobile-ready Wi-Fi solutions for IOT and M2M applications.

If you are looking for a robust, full-fledged networking solution, the Lantronix xPico Wi-Fi module provides an extremely compact and low-power alternative. It will provide wireless LAN connectivity on virtually any platform that has SPI, USB or serial interface, such as on an RBPi.

Being one of the smallest embedded device servers in the market at present, you can utilize the xPico Wi-Fi module in designs that require chip solutions, as it befits the advantages to cost and time-to-market. The connected micro-controller need not have any drivers as xPico provides the zero-host-load feature. Therefore, implementation becomes very simple, since not a single line of code has to be written. That translates to a considerably reduced development cost and complexity. Additionally, xPico Wi-Fi meets all EMC and safety compliances such as EN, UL and FCC Class B.

Another advantage with the xPico Wi-Fi module is that it is compatible to a huge range of embedded microprocessors and controllers.

Building a UPS with Raspberry Pi and Supercapacitors

It is always a dilemma when integrating a Raspberry Pi (RBPi) Single Board Computer into a project that works on the mains voltage and the RBPi has to turn it on or off. The difficulty is in deciding whether to power the RBPi separately or maybe power it from a UPS.

Lutz Lisseck solved the problem in an ingenious way. He was looking for a way to shut down his RBPi gracefully, after it had turned off his ambient-lamp. Since the lamp operated directly from the mains and Lutz wanted to turn it on/off from the mains power switch, he would normally have two choices. He could either use a mains wall adapter to power his RBPi or use a battery pack as a traditional UPS. He decided he did not like either, and instead opted for a third alternative, building a UPS with supercapacitors.

Lutz used two 50F supercapacitors to make his UPS. When the lamp was on, the capacitors stored enough charge to outlast the RBPi. When the SBC cuts the power, a GPIO pin senses the loss and informs the RBPi to begin its shutdown sequence. The RBPi takes about 30 seconds to shut down, and the capacitors happily power it for the time. Supercapacitors are usually rated at 2.7V; therefore, Lutz had to put them in series for the RBPi to get 5V. An alternative would be to place the capacitors in parallel and use a step-up converter to jack up the voltage. An upside to this is the capacitors will supply the RBPi for a longer time.

Since the project was a very simple one, there are some shortcomings in using the RBPi this way. First, the capacity is just about enough to shut down the RBPi in 30 seconds. However, when switched on, the capacitors take time to charge and the RBPi has to wait for about 10 seconds, before it gets adequate voltage to boot. Another drawback is that although the RBPi has only 30 seconds to shutdown, the capacitors discharge very slowly, and the system has to remain unplugged for about 10 minutes after shutdown, before it will boot up again. For this ambient-lamp project, Lutz does not consider that as a handicap.

Using supercapacitors over batteries has some advantages as well. The capacitors have a lifetime that far surpasses that of batteries. For example, you could charge and discharge supercapacitors completely several 100,000 times. Moreover, supercapacitors can be charged and discharged at rates that are not possible with a battery. A completely discharged supercapacitor can be fully charged up in just 2 minutes.

Therefore, with the supercapacitors in place, you do not need to worry about improper shutdown when the mains supply collapses. A GPIO pin on the RBPi senses when the mains voltage has been removed and the RBPi immediately begins a shutdown sequence. Whether using the supercapacitors in series or in parallel, a low value resistor (0.5-2.0 Ohms) must be placed in series with the batteries to limit the inrush current at startup. As the resistor can get hot, preferably a high wattage type should be used.

Battle the Sun with a 21W LED and a Raspberry Pi

Lighting up an LED or an array of LEDs and controlling their brightness is a simple affair with the tiny credit card sized single board computer popularly known as the Raspberry Pi or the RBPi. The RBPi runs a full version of Linux and you can use it to drive an array of bright LEDs with it. If you construct it like Jeremy Blum did – he put up the LEDs on his graduation mortar board and wore the RBPi on his wrist on his graduation day – you can be sure of getting a lot of excited remarks from friends and onlookers.

Jeremy wanted to let others interact with the LED on his cap. Therefore, he developed the idea of “Control my Cap” project. His control system consists or a wrist computer comprising an RBPi together with an LCD/button interface. That allows Jeremy to monitor the status of the cap, adjust the brightness of the LEDs, change the operation mode and toggle the wrist backlight. If there is any trouble in connecting with the LED interface, the reasons will be listed on the LCD.

The RBPi is programmed to connect automatically to a list of pre-allowed WPA-protected Wi-Fi hotspots as soon as it is booted. This allows Jeremy to set the wrist interface and the LEDs to a web-controlled mode, let the LEDs take on a static color or have them follow a rainbow color pattern. The cap has a total of 16 LEDs, rated at 350mA each, with four each of Red, Green, Blue and White in four strings. A constant current driver that has a PWM control drives each string of LEDs. A separate on-board switching controller generates the 5V for the RBPi.

As the whole project is portable, a battery powers it. Jeremy used a laptop backup rechargeable battery for his project. At full brightness, the array of LEDs consumes a total power of 21W and is easily visible is bright sunlight. With an 87 Watt-hr. capacity, the battery is able to power the cap for an entire day and more. Additionally, it has a 5V USB port, which Jeremy uses for charging his phone.

Jeremy put up a mobile website controlmycap.com to allow anyone to submit colors for the color queue of the cap to be used in the web-controlled mode. In this mode, the wrist computer grabs the 10 most recently submitted colors from the mobile site constantly, displaying them on the cap. Additionally, when using a color set for the first time, the RBPi informs the requester by a tweet that their color combination is about to be displayed. The RBPi communicates with the cap via a single USB cable, which doubles as it power supply cable as well.

Jeremy used the FoxFi app on his Samsung Galaxy S4 smartphone to generate a Wi-Fi hotspot and the RBPi was able to connect to the Internet through this. The remote webserver hosting the controlmycap.com website also stores the color requests in an MYSQL database, which the RBPi queries for updating its commands.

Bicycle Speed Projection Using a Raspberry Pi

A bicycle is the in-thing today considering the large amounts of pollution caused by vehicles using fossil fuels. Since one needs to use muscle power to ride a bicycle, cycling has health benefits as well. Many cities now have special lanes reserved exclusively for cyclists, and touring with cycles is one of the favorite sports people of all ages enjoy all over the world.

Cycles have been around for quite some time, and people have invented many gadgets and attachments for improving the travails of the cyclist. Earlier, the gadgets were mostly mechanical, and then electronic, now there are apps on smartphones that help in planning the route, and keeping track of so many things a rider may need. Apart from convenience, safety is another important factor that a cyclist should consider.

People who like to cycle fast usually also want to know their speed. However, glancing at a speedometer on the handlebar of your bike is not a very safe idea if you are going at high speeds. Taking your eyes off the road, even for the brief moment it takes to read the speedometer, is asking for trouble; you might hit a pothole or are doored. Well, someone had a brainwave to project the speed on to the path ahead, so the rider knows how fast he is going, without inviting trouble.

That someone is Matt Richardson, from Brooklyn and he has used a Raspberry Pi (RBPi) for making his bike speed projector as a do-it-yourself project. He has mounted the tiny Single Board Computer on his bicycle, where it reads the speed of the bike and projects it dynamically on to the ground in front of the rider, while still illuminating the way. The headlight also helps to make the rider more visible to other road users. Richard is calling his project the Raspberry Pi Dynamic Headlight.

At present, Richard’s prototype only shows the speed, but almost anything can be shown that a rider would find useful. For example, it could be used to show a turn direction or a map from a GPS program, weather info, estimated time to reach the destination, total distance covered and even proximity warnings if another vehicle approaches to close at the rear.

Although with more information displayed, chances of distraction will also increase. However, with the minimalistic data projected, this headlight is surely a great benefit to cyclists. Richardson has housed the RBPi and other electronics on a triangular piece of wood hung from the center frame of his bicycle. A pico projector clamped on the handlebar handles the projection. A HDMI cable connects the pico projector with the RBPi. A battery pack, meant to power mobiles, powers the entire electronics via a USB cable. The speed sensor is mounted, as it should be, on the wheel.

Richardson is keen to add to the next phase of his project. He wants more animations and visualizations in his Raspberry Pi Dynamic headlight project. Such DIY inventions such as this only goes to show what all is possible with a cheap Single Board Computer, some programming and some ingenuity.